By Shri Lokanath Mishra, MA,LL.B, IRS (Rtd)
Advocate & Senior Tax Consultant( Direct and Indirect Taxes)
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Under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) regieme, State Government will levy SGST and Central Government will levy CGST on supply of goods and services within the State.Central Government will levy integrated GST(IGST) on supply of goods and service in inter state trade or commerce and similarly CVD on imports.
The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) would be a very significant step in the field of indirect tax reforms in India. By amalgamating a large number of Central and State taxes into a single tax, it would mitigate cascading or double taxation in a major way and pave the way for a common national market. From the consumer point of view, the biggest advantage would be in terms of a reduction in the overall tax burden on goods, which is currently estimated at 25%-30%. Introduction of GST would also make Indian products competitive in the domestic and international markets.
The salient features of GST are as under: (i) GST would be applicable on supply of goods or services as against the present concept of tax on the manufacture of goods or on sale of goods or on provision of services. (ii) GST would be a destination based tax as against the present concept of origin based tax. (iii) It would be a dual GST with the Centre and the States simultaneously levying it on a common base. The GST to be levied by the Centre would be called Central GST (CGST) and that to be levied by the States would be called State GST (SGST). (iv) An Integrated GST (IGST) would be levied on inter-State supply (including stock transfers) of goods or services. This would be collected by the Centre so that the credit chain is not disrupted. (v) Import of goods or services would be treated as inter-State supplies and would be subject to IGST in addition to the applicable customs duties. (vi) For an initial period of two years or as further extended on the recommendation of the Goods & Services Tax Council (GSTC), a non vatable Additional Tax not exceeding 1% on inter-State supply of goods would be levied and collected by the Centre and assigned to the originating State. (vii) CGST, SGST & IGST would be levied at rates to be mutually agreed upon by the Centre and the States under the aegis of the GSTC. (viii) GST would replace the following taxes currently levied and collected by the Centre: a) Central Excise duty b) Duties of Excise (Medicinal and Toilet Preparations) c) Additional Duties of Excise (Goods of Special Importance) d) Additional Duties of Excise (Textiles and Textile Products) e) Additional Duties of Customs (commonly known as CVD) f) Special Additional Duty of Customs (SAD) g) Service Tax h) Cesses and surcharges insofar as far as they relate to supply of goods or services (ix) State taxes that would be subsumed within the GST are: a) State VAT b) Central Sales Tax c) Purchase Tax d) Luxury Tax e) Entry Tax (All forms) f) Entertainment Tax (not levied by the local bodies) g) Taxes on advertisements h) Taxes on lotteries, betting and gambling i) State cesses and surcharges insofar as far as they relate to supply of goods or services (x) GST would apply to all goods and services except Alcohol for human consumption, Electricity and Real Estate. (xi) GST on petroleum products would be applicable from a date to be recommended by the GSTC. (xii) Tobacco and tobacco products would be subject to GST. In addition, the Centre would continue to levy Central Excise duty. (xiii) A common threshold exemption would apply to both CGST and SGST. Taxpayers with a turnover below it would be exempt from GST. A compounding option (i.e.to pay tax at a flat rate without credits) would be available to small taxpayers below a certain threshold. The threshold exemption and compounding scheme would be optional. (xiv) The list of exempted goods and services would be kept to a minimum and it would be harmonized for the Centre and the States as far as possible. (xv) Exports would be zero-rated. (xvi) Credit of CGST paid on inputs may be used only for paying CGST on the output and the credit of SGST paid on inputs may be used only for paying SGST. In other words, the two streams of input tax credit (ITC) cannot be cross utilised, except in specified circumstances of inter-State supplies, for payment of IGST. The credit would be permitted to be utilised in the following manner: a) ITC of CGST allowed for payment of CGST; b) ITC of SGST allowed for payment of SGST; c) ITC of CGST allowed for payment of CGST & IGST in that order; d) ITC of SGST allowed for payment of SGST & IGST in that order; e) ITC of IGST allowed for payment of IGST, CGST & SGST in that order. (xvii) ITC of Additional Tax would not be permitted. (xviii) Accounts would be settled periodically between the Centre and the State to ensure that the credit of SGST used for payment of IGST is transferred by the Exporting State to the Centre. Similarly the IGST used for payment of SGST would be transferred by the Centre to the Importing State. (xix) The laws, regulations and procedures for levy and collection of CGST and SGST would be harmonized to the extent possible.
Definitions of certain words and phrases to be used in GST Laws,-
(1) “actionable claim” shall have the meaning assigned to it in section 3 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882; (2) “address of delivery” means the address of the recipient of goods and/or services indicated on the tax invoice issued by a taxable person for delivery of such goods and/or services;
(3) “address on record” means the address of the recipient as available in the records of the supplier; (4) “adjudicating authority” means any authority competent to pass any order or decision under this Act, but does not include the Board, the First Appellate Authority and the Appellate Tribunal; (5) “agent” means a person who carries on the business of supply or receipt of goods and/or services on behalf of another, whether disclosed or not and includes a factor, broker, commission agent, arhatia, del credere agent, intermediary or an auctioneer or any other mercantile agent, by whatever name called, and whether of the same description as hereinbefore mentioned or not; (6) “aggregate turnover” means the aggregate value of all taxable and non-taxable supplies, exempt supplies and exports of goods and/or services of a person having the same PAN, to be computed on all India basis and excludes taxes, if any, charged under the CGST Act, SGST Act and the IGST Act, as the case may be; Explanation.- Aggregate turnover does not include the value of supplies on which tax is levied on reverse charge basis and the value of inward supplies. (7) “agriculture" with all its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, includes floriculture, horticulture, sericulture, the raising of crops, grass or garden produce and also grazing, but does not include dairy farming, poultry farming, stock breeding, the mere cutting of wood or grass, gathering of fruit, raising of man-made forest or rearing of seedlings or plants; Explanation.– For the purpose of this clause, the expression ‘forest’ means the forest to which the Indian Forest Act, 1927 applies.
(8) “agriculturist” means a person who cultivates land personally, for the purpose of agriculture; (9) "Appellate Tribunal" means the National Goods and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal constituted under section 81; (10) “appointed day’’ means the date on which section 1 of this Act comes into effect; (11) “appropriate Government” means the Central Government in case of the IGST and the CGST, and the State Government in case of the SGST; (12) “assessment” means determination of tax liability under this Act and includes self-assessment, re-assessment, provisional assessment, summary assessment and best judgement assessment; (13) "associated enterprise" shall have the meaning assigned to it in section 92A of the Income Tax Act, 1961; (14) “audit” means detailed examination of records, returns and other documents maintained or furnished by the taxable person under this Act or rules made thereunder or under any other law for the time being in force to verify, inter alia, the correctness of turnover declared, taxes paid, refund claimed and input tax credit availed, and to assess his compliance with the provisions of this Act or rules made thereunder; (15) “authorized bank” shall mean a bank or a branch of a bank authorised by the Government to collect the tax or any other amount payable to the appropriate government under this Act;
(16) “Board” means the Central Board of Excise and Customs constituted under the Central Boards of Revenue Act, 1963; (17) “business” includes – (a) any trade, commerce, manufacture, profession, vocation or any other similar activity, whether or not it is for a pecuniary benefit; (b) any transaction in connection with or incidental or ancillary to (a) above; (c) any transaction in the nature of (a) above, whether or not there is volume, frequency, continuity or regularity of such transaction; (d) supply or acquisition of goods including capital assets and services in connection with commencement or closure of business; (e) provision by a club, association, society, or any such body (for a subscription or any other consideration) of the facilities or benefits to its members, as the case may be; (f) admission, for a consideration, of persons to any premises; and (g) services supplied by a person as the holder of an office which has been accepted by him in the course or furtherance of his trade, profession or vocation; (18) “business vertical” shall have the meaning assigned to a ‘business segment’ in Accounting Standard 17 issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India;
(19) “capital assets” shall have the meaning as assigned to it in the Income Tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961) but the said expression shall not include jewellery held for personal use or property not connected with the business; (20) “capital goods” means: - (A) the following goods, namely:- (i) all goods falling within Chapter 82, Chapter 84, Chapter 85, Chapter 90, heading 6805, grinding wheels and the like, and parts thereof falling under heading 6804 of the Schedule to this Act; (ii) pollution control equipment; (iii) components, spares and accessories of the goods specified at (i) and (ii); (iv) moulds and dies, jigs and fixtures; (v) refractories and refractory materials; (vi) tubes and pipes and fittings thereof; (vii) storage tank; and (viii) motor vehicles other than those falling under tariff headings 8702, 8703, 8704, 8711 and their chassis but including dumpers and tippers used- (1) at the place of business for supply of goods; or (2) outside the place of business for generation of electricity for captive use at theplace of business; or (3) for supply of services,
(B) motor vehicle designed for transportation of goods including their chassis registered in the name of the supplier of service, when used for (i) supplying the service of renting of such motor vehicle; or (ii) transportation of inputs and capital goods used for supply of service; or (iii) supply of courier agency service;
(C) motor vehicle designed to carry passengers including their chassis, registered in the name of the supplier of service, when used for supplying the service of- (i) transportation of passengers; or (ii) renting of such motor vehicle; or (iii) imparting motor driving skills;
(D) Components, spares and accessories of motor vehicles which are capital goods for the taxable person.
(21) “casual taxable person” means a person who occasionally undertakes transactions involving supply of goods and/or services in the course or furtherance of business whether as principal, agent or in any other capacity, in a taxable territory where he has no fixed place of business; (22) “CGST” means the tax levied under the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2016; (23) “chartered accountant” means a chartered accountant within the meaning of the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 (38 of 1949); (24) “commissioner” means the Commissioner of Central Goods and Services Tax /Commissioner of State Goods and Services Tax appointed under section 4 of the Central/State Goods and Services Tax Act, 2016; (25) “common portal” means the common GST electronic portal approved by the Central Government and State Governments, on the recommendation of the Council, for the specified purposes, as may be notified under this Act;
(26) "company secretary" means a company secretary within the meaning of the Company Secretaries Act, 1980 (56 of 1980); (27) “composite supply” means a supply consisting of - (a) two or more goods; (b) two or more services; or (c) a combination of goods and services provided in the course or furtherance of business, whether or not the same can be segregated; (28) “consideration” in relation to the supply of goods and/or services to any person, includes (a) any payment made or to be made, whether in money or otherwise, in respect of, in response to, or for the inducement of, the supply of goods and/or services, whether by the said person or by any other person; (b) the monetary value of any act or forbearance, whether or not voluntary, in respect of, in response to, or for the inducement of, the supply of goods and/or services, whether by the said person or by any other person: Provided that a deposit, whether refundable or not, given in respect of the supply of goods and/or services shall not be considered as payment made for the supply unless the supplier applies the deposit as consideration for the supply; (29) “continuous journey” means a journey for which a single or more than one ticket or invoice is issued at the same time, either by a single supplier of service or through an agent acting on behalf of more than one supplier of service, and which involves no stop over between any of the legs of the journey for which one or more separate tickets or invoices are issued; Explanation.- For the purposes of this clause, ‘stopover’ means a place where a passenger can disembark either to transfer to another conveyance or break his journey for a certain period in order to resume it at a later point of time. (30) “continuous supply of goods” means a supply of goods which is provided, or agreed to be provided, continuously or on recurrent basis, under a contract, whether or not by means of a wire, cable, pipeline or other conduit, and for which the supplier invoices the recipient on a regular or periodic basis; (31) “continuous supply of services” means a supply of services which is provided, or agreed to be provided, continuously or on recurrent basis, under a contract, for a period exceeding three months with periodic payment obligations and includes supply of such service as the Central or a State Government may, whether or not subject to any condition, by notification, specify; (32) “conveyance” includes a vessel, aircraft and a vehicle; (33) “cost accountant” means a cost accountant within the meaning of the Cost and Works Accountants Act, 1959 (23 of 1959); (34) “Council” means the Goods and Services Tax Council established under Article 279A of the Constitution; (35) “credit note” means a document issued by a taxable person as referred to in sub-section (1) of section 24; (36) “debit note” means a document issued by a taxable person as referred to in sub-section (2) of section 24;
(37) “deemed exports”, as notified by the Central Government/State Government on the recommendation of the Council, refer to those transactions in which the goods supplied do not leave India, and payment for such supplies is received either in Indian Rupees or in convertible foreign exchange; (38) “document” includes written or printed record of any sort and electronic record as defined in the Information Technology Act, 2000 [21 of 2000]; (39) “earlier law” means any of the following laws, that is to say, (a) . . . (b) . . . (c) . . . as amended from time to time and includes enactments which have validated anything done or omitted to be done under any of the above mentioned laws and also any law repealed by the earlier laws but continued in force under any provisions of the above enumerated laws; (40) “electronic cash ledger” means the cash ledger in electronic form maintained at the common portal for each registered taxable person in the manner as may be prescribed in this behalf;
(41) “electronic credit ledger” means the input tax credit ledger in electronic form maintained at the common portal for each registered taxable person in the manner as may be prescribed in this behalf;
(42) “exempt supply” means supply of any goods and/or services which are not taxable under this Act and includes such supply of goods and/or services which are specified in Schedule . . . of the Act or which may be exempt from tax under section 10;
(43) “export of goods” with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, means taking out of India to a place outside India; (44) the supply of any service shall be treated as “export of service” when (a) the supplier of service is located in India, (b) the recipient of service is located outside India, (c) the place of supply of service is outside India, (d) the payment for such service has been received by the supplier of service in convertible foreign exchange, and (e) the supplier of service and recipient of service are not merely establishments of a distinct person; Explanation.- For the purposes of clause (e), an establishment of a person in India and any of his other establishment outside India shall be treated as establishments of distinct persons. (45) “First Appellate Authority” means an authority referred to in section 79; (46) “fixed establishment” means a place (other than the place of business) which is characterised by a sufficient degree of permanence and suitable structure in terms of human and technical resources to supply services, or to receive and use services for its own needs; (47) “fund” means the Consumer Welfare Fund established under section 40; (48) “goods’’ means every kind of movable property other than actionable claim and money but includes securities, growing crops, grass and things attached to or forming part of the land which are agreed to be severed before supply or under the contract of supply; Explanation.– For the purpose of this clause, the term ‘moveable property’ shall not include any intangible property. (49) “government” means Central Government and its departments, a State Government and its departments and a Union territory and its departments, but shall not include any entity, whether created by a statute or otherwise, the accounts of which are not required to be kept in accordance with Article 150 of the Constitution or the rules made thereunder; (50) “IGST” means the tax levied under the Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2016; (51) “import of goods” with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, means bringing into India from a place outside India; (52) the supply of any service shall be treated as an “import of service” if, (a) the supplier of service is located outside India, (b) the recipient of service is located in India, (c) the place of supply of service is in India, and (d) the supplier of service and the recipient of service are not merely establishments of a distinct person;
Explanation 1.- An establishment of a person in India and any of his other establishment outside India shall be treated as establishments of distinct persons. Explanation 2.- A person carrying on a business through a branch or agency or representational office in any territory shall be treated as having an establishment in that territory. (53) “India” means,- (a) the territory of the Union as referred to in clauses (2) and (3) of Article 1 of the Constitution; (b) its territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone or any other maritime zone as defined in the Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and other Maritime Zones Act, 1976 (80 of 1976); (c) the seabed and the subsoil underlying the territorial waters; (d) the air space above its territory and territorial waters; and (e) the installations, structures and vessels located in the continental shelf of India and the exclusive economic zone of India, for the purposes of prospecting or extraction or production of mineral oil and natural gas and supply thereof; (54) “input” means any goods other than capital goods, subject to exceptions as may be provided under this Act or the rules made thereunder, used or intended to be used by a supplier for making an outward supply in the course or furtherance of business;
(55) “input service” means any service, subject to exceptions as may be provided under this Act or the rules made thereunder, used or intended to be used by a supplier for making an outward supply in the course or furtherance of business;
(56) "Input Service Distributor" means an office of the supplier of goods and / or services which receives tax invoices issued under section 23 towards receipt of input services and issues tax invoice or such other document as prescribed for the purposes of distributing the credit of CGST (SGST in State Acts) and / or IGST paid on the said services to a supplier of taxable goods and / or services having same PAN as that of the office referred to above;
Explanation.- For the purposes of distributing the credit of CGST (SGST in State Acts) and / or IGST, Input Service Distributor shall be deemed to be a supplier of services.
(57) "input tax" in relation to a taxable person, means the {IGST and CGST}/{IGST and SGST} charged on any supply of goods and/or services to him which are used, or are intended to be used, in the course or furtherance of his business and includes the tax payable under sub-section (3) of section 7; (58) “input tax credit” means credit of ‘input tax’ as defined in section 2(56); (59) “intangible property” means any property other than tangible property;
(60) “invoice” shall have the meaning as assigned to it under section 23; (61) “inward supply” in relation to a person, shall mean receipt of goods and/or services whether by purchase, acquisition or any other means and whether or not for any consideration;
(62) “job work” means undertaking any treatment or process by a person on goods belonging to another registered taxable person and the expression “job worker” shall be construed accordingly; (63) “local authority” means
(a) a “Panchayat” as defined in clause (d) of Article 243 of the Constitution; (b) a “Municipality” as defined in clause (e) of Article 243P of the Constitution; (c) a Municipal Committee, a Zilla Parishad, a District Board, and any other authority legally entitled to, or entrusted by the Central or any State Government with the control or management of a municipal or local fund; (d) a Cantonment Board as defined in section 3 of the Cantonments Act, 2006; (e) a Regional Council or a District Council constituted under the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution; (f) a Development Board constituted under Article 371 of the Constitution; or (g) a Regional Council constituted under Article 371A of the Constitution;
(64) “location of recipient of service” means: (i) where a supply is received at a place of business for which registration has been obtained, the location of such place of business; (ii) where a supply is received at a place other than the place of business for which registration has been obtained, that is to say, a fixed establishment elsewhere, the location of such fixed establishment; (iii) where a supply is received at more than one establishment, whether the place of business or fixed establishment, the location of the establishment most directly concerned with the receipt of the supply; and (iv) in absence of such places, the location of the usual place of residence of the recipient; (65) “location of supplier of service” means: (i) where a supply is made from a place of business for which registration has been obtained, the location of such place of business ; (ii) where a supply is made from a place other than the place of business for which registration has been obtained, that is to say, a fixed establishment elsewhere, the location of such fixed establishment; (iii) where a supply is made from more than one establishment, whether the place of business or fixed establishment, the location of the establishment most directly concerned with the provision of the supply; and (iv) in absence of such places, the location of the usual place of residence of the supplier; (66) “manufacturer” shall have the meaning assigned to it by the Central Excise Act, 1944 (1 of 1944);
(67) “market value” shall mean the full amount which a recipient of a supply is required to pay in order to obtain the goods and/or services of like kind and quality at or about the same time and at the same commercial level where the recipient and the supplier are not related; (68) “money” means Indian legal tender or any foreign currency, cheque, promissory note, bill of exchange, letter of credit, draft, pay order, traveller cheque, money order, postal or electronic remittance or any such similar instrument when used as consideration to settle an obligation or exchange with Indian legal tender of another denomination but shall not include any currency that is held for its numismatic value; (69) “non-resident taxable person” means a taxable person who occasionally undertakes transactions involving supply of goods and/or services whether as principal or agent or in any other capacity but who has no fixed place of business in India; (70) “non-taxable territory” means the territory which is outside the taxable territory; (71) “notification” means notification published in the Official Gazette and the expressions ‘notify’ and ‘notified’ shall be construed accordingly; (72) ”output tax” in relation to a taxable person, means the CGST/SGST chargeable under this Act on taxable supply of goods and/or services made by him or by his agent and excludes tax payable by him on reverse charge basis; (73) “outward supply” in relation to a person, shall mean supply of goods and/or services, whether by sale, transfer, barter, exchange, licence, rental, lease or disposal made or agreed to be made by such person in the course or furtherance of business except in case of such supplies where the tax is payable on reverse charge basis; (74) “person” includes— (a) an individual; (b) a Hindu undivided family; (c) a company; (d) a firm; (e) a Limited Liability Partnership; (f) an association of persons or a body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, in India or outside India; (g) any corporation established by or under any Central, State or Provincial Act or a Government company as defined in section 2(45) of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013); (h) any body corporate incorporated by or under the laws of a country outside India; (i) a co-operative society registered under any law relating to cooperative societies; (j) a local authority; (k) government; (l) society as defined under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860); (m) trust; and (n) every artificial juridical person, not falling within any of the preceding sub-clauses; (75) “place of business” includes (a) a place from where the business is ordinarily carried on, and includes a warehouse, a godown or any other place where a taxable person stores his goods, provides or receives goods and/or services; or (b) a place where a taxable person maintains his books of account; or (c) a place where a taxable person is engaged in business through an agent, by whatever name called; (76) “prescribed’’ means prescribed by the rules, regulations or by any notification issued under this Act; (77) “principal” means a person on whose behalf an agent carries on the business of supply or receipt of goods and/or services;
(78) “principal place of business” means the place of business specified as the principal place of business in the certificate of registration where the taxable person keeps and maintains the accounts and records as specified under section 42 ; (79) “proper officer” in relation to any function to be performed under this Act, means the officer of goods and services tax who is assigned that function by the Board/Commissioner of SGST; (80) “recipient” of supply of goods and/or services means- (a) where a consideration is payable for the supply of goods and/or services, the person who is liable to pay that consideration, (b) where no consideration is payable for the supply of goods, the person to whom the goods are delivered or made available, or to whom possession or use of the goods is given or made available, and (c) where no consideration is payable for the supply of a service, the person to whom the service is rendered, and any reference to a person to whom a supply is made shall be construed as a reference to the recipient of the supply; Explanation.- The expression “recipient” shall also include an agent acting as such on behalf of the recipient in relation to the goods and/or services supplied. (81) “regulations” means the regulations made by the Board/Commissioner under any provision of the Act on the recommendation of the Council; (82) persons shall be deemed to be “related persons’’ if only - (a) they are officers or directors of one another's businesses; (b) they are legally recognized partners in business; (c) they are employer and employee; (d) any person directly or indirectly owns, controls or holds five per cent or more of the outstanding voting stock or shares of both of them; (e) one of them directly or indirectly controls the other; (f) both of them are directly or indirectly controlled by a third person; (g) together they directly or indirectly control a third person; or (h) they are members of the same family; Explanation I. - The term "person" also includes legal persons. Explanation II. - Persons who are associated in the business of one another in that one is the sole agent or sole distributor or sole concessionaire, howsoever described, of the other, shall be deemed to be related. (83) “removal’’, in relation to goods, means -
(a) dispatch of the goods for delivery by the supplier thereof or by any other person acting on behalf of such supplier, or (b) collection of the goods by the recipient thereof or by any other person acting on behalf of such recipient; (84) “return” means any return prescribed or otherwise required to be furnished by or under this Act or rules made thereunder; (85) “reverse charge’’, means the liability to pay tax by the person receiving goods and / or services instead of the person supplying the goods and / or services in respect of such categories of supplies as the Central or a State Government may, on the recommendation of the Council, by notification, specify; (86) “rules” means the rules made by the Central/State Government under any provision of the Act on the recommendation of the Council; (87) “schedule” means a schedule appended to this Act; (88) “services’’ means anything other than goods; Explanation: Services include intangible property and actionable claim but does not include money. (89) “SGST” means the tax levied under the State Goods and Services Tax Act; (90) “Special Economic Zone’’ shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (za) of section 2 of the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005 [28 of 2005]; (91) “supplier” in relation to any goods and/or services shall mean the person supplying the said goods and/or services and shall include an agent acting as such on behalf of such supplier in relation to the goods and/or services supplied; (92) “supply’’ shall have the meaning as assigned to it in section 3; (93) “tangible property” means any property that can be touched or felt;
(94) “tax” means goods and services tax levied on the supply of goods and/or services under this Act and includes any amount payable under section 8; (95) “tax period’’ means the period for which the tax return is required to be filed; (96) “taxable person’’ shall have the meaning as assigned to it in section 9 of this Act; (97) “taxable supply’’ means a supply of goods and/or services which is chargeable to tax under this Act; (98) “taxable territory’’ means the territory to which the provisions of this Act apply; (99) “Tax Return Preparer" means any person who has been approved to act as a Tax Return Preparer under the scheme framed under section 34; (100) “telecommunication service” means service of any description (including electronic mail, voice mail, data services, audio text services, video text services, radio paging and cellular mobile telephone services) which is made available to users by means of any transmission or reception of signs, signals, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature, by wire, radio, visual or other electro-magnetic means; (101) “time of supply of goods’’ shall have the meaning as assigned to it in section 12;
(102) “time of supply of services’’ shall have the meaning as assigned to it in section 13; (103) “to cultivate personally” means to carry on any agricultural operation on one’s own account- (a) by one’s own labour, or (b) by the labour of one’s family, or (c) by servants on wages payable in cash or kind (but not in crop share) or by hired labour under one’s personal supervision or the personal supervision of any member of one’s family; Explanation 1. - A widow or a minor or a person who is subject to any physical or mental disability or is a serving member of the armed forces of the Union, shall be deemed to cultivate land personally if it is cultivated by her or his servants or by hired labour. Explanation 2. - In the case of a Hindu Undivided Family, land shall be deemed to be cultivated personally, if it is cultivated by any member of such family. (104) “turnover in a State” means the aggregate value of all taxable and non-taxable supplies, including exempt supplies and exports of goods and / or services made within a State by a taxable person and inter-state supplies of goods and / or services made from the State by the said taxable person excluding taxes, if any charged under the CGST Act, SGST Act and the IGST Act, as the case may be; (105) “usual place of residence” means (a) in case of an individual, the place where he ordinarily resides; (b) in other cases, the place where the person, as defined in sub-section (74), is incorporated or otherwise legally constituted; (106) “valid return” shall have the meaning assigned to it under sub-section (3) of section 27. (107) “works contract” means an agreement for carrying out for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration, building, construction, fabrication, erection, installation, fitting out, improvement, modification, repair, renovation or commissioning of any moveable or immovable property; (108) “year” means the financial year; and (109) “zero-rated supply” means a supply of any goods and/or services on which no tax is payable but credit of the input tax related to that supply is admissible; Explanation.- Exports shall be treated as zero-rated supply. 3. Meaning and scope of supply (1) Supply includes (a) all forms of supply of goods and/or services such as sale, transfer, barter, exchange, license, rental, lease or disposal made or agreed to be made for a consideration by a person in the course or furtherance of business, (b) importation of service, whether or not for a consideration and whether or not in the course or furtherance of business, and
(c) a supply specified in Schedule I, made or agreed to be made without a consideration. (2) Schedule II, in respect of matters mentioned therein, shall apply for determining what is, or is to be treated as a supply of goods or a supply of services. (2A) Where a person acting as an agent who, for an agreed commission or brokerage, either supplies or receives any goods and/or services on behalf of any principal, the transaction between such principal and agent shall be deemed to be a supply. (3) Subject to sub-section (2), the Central or a State Government may, upon recommendation of the Council, specify, by notification, the transactions that are to be treated as— (i) a supply of goods and not as a supply of services; or (ii) a supply of services and not as a supply of goods; or (iii) neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the supply of any branded service by an aggregator, as defined in section 43B, under a brand name or trade name owned by him shall be deemed to be a supply of the said service by the said aggregator.
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